Civilian GPS is no longer less accurate than military GPS - modern devices using dual-frequency signals match military precision. The real difference lies in anti-jamming, security, and access - not raw accuracy.
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Learn how to properly report Bitcoin mining income as ordinary income, deduct equipment depreciation under Section 179 or MACRS, and maintain IRS-compliant records to avoid penalties and audits.
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Private and public keys enable secure communication online by using math-based encryption. One key locks data, the other unlocks it-no sharing needed. Learn how they protect your emails, bank logs, and crypto wallets.
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Cryogenic propellant depots are orbital fuel stations that store liquid hydrogen and oxygen for spacecraft refueling. They enable deeper space missions by reducing launch mass and enabling reuse-key for lunar and Mars exploration.
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Formation flying satellites use precise relative navigation and control to act as a single instrument in space, enabling missions impossible for single spacecraft. Learn how they work, what goes wrong, and why they’re the future of space science.
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Cryostats and heat pipes enable space sensors to operate at near-absolute zero temperatures, making infrared astronomy possible. From JWST to future telescopes, this technology reveals the cold universe.
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Reusable rockets like SpaceX's Falcon 9 have slashed launch costs and increased flight frequency, turning space access from rare and expensive to routine and affordable. Learn how rapid turnaround is reshaping the future of spaceflight.
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A Merkle tree is a cryptographic structure that lets blockchains verify thousands of transactions instantly using just one hash. It’s the reason your phone wallet can check your balance without downloading the whole blockchain.
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The block reward is how new Bitcoin is created and miners are paid. It halves every four years, making Bitcoin scarce. As of 2025, it's 3.125 BTC per block. This system ensures Bitcoin's supply is predictable and limited.
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Lunar landing pads made by sintering Moon soil reduce dangerous dust ejecta from rocket landings. Using microwaves, lasers, or polymers, engineers are turning regolith into durable surfaces-cutting Earth-launched mass by 90% and enabling long-term lunar bases.
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Advanced metamaterials are revolutionizing space hardware by shrinking antennas, cutting weight, and improving thermal control. Used in NASA missions like Europa Clipper, they offer dramatic performance gains-but come with high costs and long qualification times.
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Astronauts train for hours underwater to prepare for spacewalks, using NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory to simulate microgravity. Learn how EVA training works, why it's so intense, and what happens when things go wrong.
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